My Perfect Automobile » Mazda

Canadian Green Award Finalists Revealed

Larry Bell — Fri, 05 Apr 2013 13:29:41 +0000

Canadian Green award finalist Hyundai Sonata hybrid

Finalists for the Canadian Green Car of the Year Award have been announced. The prize is being handed out for the first time ever and is jointly sponsored by the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada and Green Living Enterprises. The finalists are:

Volkswagen Jetta Turbo Hybrid

Ford Fusion Hybrid

Hyundai Sonata Hybrid

Mazda3

Ford C-Max Energi

Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZROVtTrBik

Hyundai has been having a successful run with its popular TV commercials for the Sonata Hybrid. The above clip is one of the funniest of the bunch, showing several people caught in bizarre situations with appliance batteries that are about to expire. (Our vote for best predicament goes to the lady with the dying flashlight who has just spotted a rat in her garage). The whole point being that Hyundai’s Sonata offers a 10-year, 100,000-mile hybrid system warranty. The Korean automaker has nailed the concept of delivering a very serious point in a humorous way.

Canadian Green Car Award

The AJAC Green Car Award steering committee chair, Peter Gorrie, noted that competition is close, especially among five cars that all have so many green credentials. He said, “The judges found the choice difficult because all the entrants are worthy, and they incorporate such differing routes to greener driving.”

Another committee member pointed out that driving is the primary way consumers use energy each day. The judges intend to put a spotlight on vehicles that have low emissions and offer economical operation. Each car on the list has already won at least one green-related award within the last year, so the judges have their work cut out for them. Ford has the best statistical shot at winning since it notched two of its hopefuls among the final round of voting.

For a bit more information about each of the Canadian Green Car finalists, see the companies’ official corporate websites below:
http://www.hyundaiusa.com
http://www.vw.com
http://www.ford.com
http://www.mazdausa.com

Larry Bell

Larry Bell + is My Perfect Automobile’s Genius Author, but we call him ‘The Expert‘. Here is his full Blog: My Perfect Automobile. Larry lives in San Jose, CA and is also the Expert Author. Larry is a lover of the Automobile as well and shares a passion for Concept, Hybrid and Electric Cars…

Mazda SkyACTIV Wins First-ever ‘Green Technology Award’

Larry Bell — Sun, 03 Feb 2013 14:11:52 +0000

Mazda3 with SkyACTIV system

At this week’s Washington Auto Show, Mazda’s SkyACTIV technology snagged the Green Car Journal’s “Green Car Technology Award.” This is the first time the award has been given, and Mazda topped a tough group of competitors, which included Ford auto stop-start, the Tesla powertrain, and the Fisker EVer powertrain, among others. The award recognizes a proprietary technology that combines high fuel efficiency and low environmental impact.

Mazda SkyACTIV: Video

The following video clip provides a simple overview of the Mazda SkyACTIV technology. The company says the focus of the system is low emissions and great driving performance in cars that are accessible to most everyone. While no single component delivers the entire effect of SkyACTIV, one of its major features is engine efficiency that is able to show a 15 percent mpg increase in most models that use it. Another factor in SkyACTIV’s system is a lighter car body. The 220 pounds that Mazda has sliced off total weight factors into the increased fuel efficiency in a big way.

Mazda SkyACTIV

Green car technology systems are becoming more common as automakers work to meet the coming 54.5 mpg fleet-wide efficiency mark that is set for 2025. While some manufacturers opt to produce electric or hybrid vehicles, all sorts of so-called “mild hybrid” cars are popping up in U.S. showrooms. Everything from start-stop technology to regenerative braking is making a huge mark on the auto industry as it slowly transforms into a more fuel-efficient entity.

Mazda is incorporating its new SkyACTIV technology system into all its new cars, using a holistic philosophy to integrate fuel-saving components into the body, engine, transmission, and chassis. The company’s 2013 CX-5 now becomes the first Mazda to feature the entire complement of SkyACTIV systems.

For more about Mazda, see the company’s official corporate website:
http://www.mazdausa.com

Larry Bell

North American Car of the Year Competition Tightest Ever

Larry Bell — Sun, 16 Dec 2012 20:09:03 +0000

Award contender Ford C-Max Hybrid

Next month at the Detroit Auto Show, event organizers will announce the winners of the prestigious North American Car and Truck of the Year Awards. This year’s lineup of candidates features vehicles that are big on efficiency and long on good looks. Car of the Year finalists are Honda Accord, Ford Fusion, and the Cadillac ATS. Truck of the Year will be chosen from worthy contenders as well, the finalists being the Ram 1500 pickup, the Ford C-Max hybrid crossover/van, and the Mazda CX-5 crossover.

Car of the Year: Video

If you want a closer look at the new Ford Fusion lineup, scroll to the video clip below, which features some very close-up photos of the exterior and interior of the car. Ford calls the Fusion family a more expressive style and it is the first model from the company that offers hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and gasoline versions. The stunningly designed dash controls feature plenty of new options for Fusion owners. The Fusion will offer best-in-class mileage, which is one of the primary goals of Ford’s commitment to fuel efficiency. Aside from all the specs, looking at the Fusion you will likely agree that Ford has spent its time and design dollars well. The classy, sleek lines on the outside and the upscale look and feel of the interior combine for a winning overall vehicle. It is no surprise that Fusion made it to the final round of the North American Car of the Year competition.

Car of the Year

Insiders said that this year’s car finalists faced especially tough competition in the preliminaries, since so many viable choices were available. Awards will be handed out on Jan. 14, the first of two Press Days at the Detroit Auto Show.

For more about the Detroit Auto Show (NAIAS), see the event’s official website:
http://www.naias.com

Larry Bell

Mazda 6 Diesel Headed for U.S. Showrooms

Larry Bell — Wed, 05 Dec 2012 14:48:08 +0000

Mazda 6 Diesel

Mazda will offer a diesel version of its newest car to U.S. customers. The Mazda 6 marks the Japanese automaker’s commitment to diesel technology, while many other manufacturers are emphasizing EV or hybrid-electric drivetrains. The four-cylinder diesel is historic for the company. Never before has it offered a diesel to U.S. buyers. In the midsize segment, Mazda and Volkswagen will be the only carmakers selling a diesel sedan in the U.S.

Mazda 6 Diesel: Video

For a thorough review of the Mazda 6 from the floor of the LA Auto Show, see the following video clip, which points out that early reports had Mazda not offering the SkyActiv diesel version in the U.S. As we learned at the LA event, the carmaker will indeed offer the Mazda 6 as a diesel. Most industry insiders think this car is Mazda’s shot at unseating the Volkswagen Passat TDI clean diesel. Will it? You be the judge. As you can clearly see, the Mazda 6 is roomy, especially in the back seat, and boasts all sorts of exterior curves and eye-catching flourishes. Mazda spokespersons say the 6 SkyActiv diesel version of the car will arrive on U.S. shores sometime in the second half of 2013.

Mazda 6 Diesel

Not to be left out of racing circuit possibilities, Mazda will place a 400-horsepower version of the car in the Grand-Am series next year. Though the company was frugal with details and specs for the production Mazda 6 diesel, company execs noted that the new model will be much lighter than current diesels in the segment and will feature mild-hybrid technologies like regenerative braking. It will be interesting to see whether other major manufacturers bring diesel cars to the U.S. now that VW and Mazda have virtually led the way.

For more about Mazda, see the Japanese carmaker’s official website:
http://www.mazdausa.com

Larry Bell

Green Car of the Year: The Nominees

Larry Bell — Fri, 26 Oct 2012 13:01:32 +0000

Green Car of the Year: Nominee Ford Fusion hybrid

Green Car Journal has named its five nominees for the anticipated Green Car of the Year Award, which will be presented at the conclusion of the LA Auto show Nov. 29. To make it into the final round, each car must demonstrate exceptional fuel efficiency, and this year’s contenders are all worthy candidates. The roster includes the Toyota Prius C, Ford Fusion, Ford C-Max, Dodge Dart Aero, and the Mazda CX-5 SkyActiv. For a bit more about each car, see the ‘Details’ section below the video clip.

Green Car of the Year: Video

For a fun lap around the Laguna Seca track in a Mazda CX-5, one of the Green COTY nominees, check out the following video clip. We get a thorough review from the driver as he pilots the small crossover, as well as several very telling point-of-view shots. Fun, small, and sporty are the words our host uses to sum up the car, and judging from the way the CX-5 handled the high speeds, elevations changes, and tight cornering, you will likely agree with him. This is the first car to pack the full supply of SkyActiv technology, including the lightweight chassis, 6-speed automatic, special steering rack, and the 2.0-liter motor. As you watch the short video, it is easy to see how this 35-mpg gas-sipper made the finals for Green Car of the Year.

Green Car of the Year: Details

Ford’s C-Max features 47 mpg, and only comes as a hybrid in the U.S. market. Fusion of course offers a hybrid version, but also an EcoBoost model. Mazda’s SkyActiv takes advantage of the company’s full range of fuel-saving technology, while the Dodge Dart Aero notches 41 mpg highway via specialized tires, sleek aerodynamics, and other tweaks. Toyota’s Prius C, with impressive 53/46 mpg, has the longest pedigree of the lot, and some (but not all) say it is a favorite to win the trophy. Let us know your favorite, and the reasons for your selection, in the comments area below.

For more about all the nominees for Green Car of the Year, see the official websites of the carmakers:
http://www.mazdausa.com
http://www.ford.com
http://www.toyota.com
http://www.dodge.com

Larry Bell

Mazda Hybrid Rotary in the Works

Larry Bell — Wed, 05 Sep 2012 15:49:53 +0000

Mazda6: Candidate for hybrid-drive?

Mazda CEO Takashi Yamanouchi used the Moscow International Motor Show this week as the backdrop for his announcement that the Japanese carmaker will bring the rotary engine back next year, likely in a range-extended vehicle. What many are calling Mazda’s version of the Chevy Volt could be a reworking of the company’s newest Mazda6, which was being unveiled in Moscow as Mr. Yamanouchi delivered his startling news.

Mazda: Video

For a complete review of the newest generation Mazda6, fresh from this week’s Moscow event, see the video clip below. If and when Mazda offers a hybrid-drive car to buyers, it is highly probable that the 6, or a slightly altered version of it, will be the platform for the Japanese firm’s answer to the Chevy Volt and the Camry hybrid.

Mazda Hybrid: Details

When Yamanouchi began working at Mazda almost a half-century ago, he did so because he was excited about the rotary engine. As long as he has anything to say about it, Mazda will invest heavily in the rotary. With practically every major carmaker producing a hybrid, Mazda is eager to jump into the fray. The added efficiency of the rotary engine could offer even better mileage than its conventional competitors.

Mazda has done just about everything that can be done with rotary technology during the past 40 years, including experiments with hydrogen and other non-traditional fuels. Until Yamanouchi’s announcement this week, many had wondered whether Mazda was intending to silently bury the rotary concept. The iconic CEO hinted that when the rotary hybrid comes to market, Japanese consumers would get the first chance to try it out, and even then only as a lease.

For the latest from the Japanese auto company that always has a surprise for the world media, see Mazda’s official corporate website:
http://www.mazda.com

Larry Bell

Mazda 3 2.3 MPS Extreme 2008 – What Should You Know?

Charles — Sat, 14 Jul 2012 19:46:03 +0000

Everything you should know about theMazda 3 2.3 MPS Extreme 2008 Parts – including Engine Size, MPG, Top Speed, Width, Height, Torque, Transmission Info and more.

Mazda 3 2.3 MPS Extreme 2008 – What Should You Know?

Make: Mazda
Model: 3 2.3 MPS Extreme
Year: 2008
Type of Car: Family cars
Engine Type: Front
Engine Size: 2261 ccm (137,28 cubic inches)
Car Engine Type: Inline, 4 cyl
Valves Per Cylinder:
Maximum Power
286.00 PS (208,95 kW or 280,59 HP) at 5300 Rev. per min.
Maximum Torque: 576.30 Nm (58,51 kgf-m or 422,97 ft.lbs) at 4400 Rev. per min.
Cylinder Size (Bore Stroke):
Compression:
Top Speed:
Fuel Type: Gasoline
Car Transmission: Manual, 6-speed
Car Power – Weight Ratio: 0.1926 PS/kg
Zero to Sixty MPH:
Car Drive: Front
Number of Seats: 5
Passenger Space: 2662 litres (699,49 gallons)
Car Doors: 4
Country:
Front Tire: 215/45-R18
Rear Tires: 215/45-R18
Chasis: Hatchback
C02 Emissions:
Turn Circle:
Car Weight: 1485 kg (3257,53 pounds)
Towing Weight: 800 kg (1754,88 pounds)
Length: 4440 mm (173,93 inches)
Width: 1770 mm (69,35 inches)
Total Height: 1470 mm (57,61 inches)
Max Weight With Load: 1910 kg (4189,75 pounds)
Ground Clearance:
Wheel Base: 2650 mm (103,78 inches)
Coolant:
Front Break Type: Disks
Rear Breaks Type: Disks
Cargo Space: 290 litres (76,62 gallons)
Lubrication: Wet sump
Leg Room:
Aerodynamics: 0.3
Hwy Fuel Efficiency:
Street/Hwy Fuel: 9.9 litres/100 km (23,76 miles per gallon)
City Fuel:
Fuel Tank Capacity: 55.0 litres (14,46 gallons)

Charles Verhoeff

Charles Verhoeff + is My Perfect Automobile’s Genius Webmaster and SEO Guy, but people call him Amazing.
Here is his full Bio: Charles Verhoeff. Charles Lives in Los Angeles, CA and is also the Owner of World Class Media. Charles is a lover of the Automobile as well and shares a passion for Concept and Electric Cars…

Mazda Tribute i Grand Touring 4WD 2009 – Reviews and Specifications.

Charles — Sat, 14 Jul 2012 19:46:03 +0000

Everything you should know about theMazda Tribute i Grand Touring 4WD 2009 Parts – including Engine Size, MPG, Top Speed, Width, Height, Torque, Transmission Info and more.

Mazda Tribute i Grand Touring 4WD 2009 – Reviews and Specifications.

Make: Mazda
Model: Tribute i Grand Touring 4WD
Year: 2009

Type of Car: SUV
Engine Type:
Engine Size: 2483 ccm (150,75 cubic inches)
Car Engine Type: Inline, 4 cyl
Valves Per Cylinder: 4
Maximum Power
173.00 PS (126,37 kW or 170,15 HP) at 6000 Rev. per min.
Maximum Torque: 231.88 Nm (23,48 kgf-m or 170,15 ft.lbs) at 4500 Rev. per min.
Cylinder Size (Bore Stroke): 92.0 x 83.1 mm (3,58 x 3.3 inches)
Compression: 10.0:1
Top Speed:
Fuel Type: Gasoline
Car Transmission: Auto, 6-speed
Car Power – Weight Ratio: 0.1116 PS/kg
Zero to Sixty MPH:
Car Drive: 4WD
Number of Seats: 5
Passenger Space: 2520 litres (662,67 gallons)
Car Doors: 2
Country:
Front Tire: 235/70-TR16
Rear Tires: 235/70-TR16
Chasis:
C02 Emissions: 178.9 g/km
Turn Circle: 12 m (470,04 inches)
Car Weight: 1550 kg (3400,11 pounds)
Towing Weight: 680 kg (1491,60 pounds)
Length: 4450 mm (174,32 inches)
Width: 1810 mm (70,94 inches)
Total Height: 1730 mm (67,76 inches)
Max Weight With Load: 1590 kg (3487,77 pounds)
Ground Clearance: 220 mm (8,66 inches)
Wheel Base: 2630 mm (102,98 inches)
Coolant:
Front Break Type:
Rear Breaks Type:
Cargo Space:
Lubrication: Wet sump
Leg Room: 1060 mm (41,49 inches)
Aerodynamics: 0.3
Hwy Fuel Efficiency: 9.4 litres/100 km (24,88 miles per gallon)
Street/Hwy Fuel: 11.2 litres/100 km (20,90 miles per gallon)
City Fuel: 12.4 litres/100 km (18,91 miles per gallon)
Fuel Tank Capacity: 62.0 litres (16,30 gallons)

Charles Verhoeff

Mazda 6 3.0S Sport Touring 2008 – Specs The Dealer Doesn’t Mention

Charles — Sat, 14 Jul 2012 19:46:03 +0000

All you need to know about the Mazda 6 3.0S Sport Touring 2008 Parts – including Engine Size, MPG, Top Speed, Width, Height, Torque, Transmission Info and more.

Mazda 6 3.0S Sport Touring 2008 – Specs The Dealer Doesn’t Mention

Make: Mazda
Model: 6 3.0S Sport Touring
Year: 2008
Type of Car: Family cars
Engine Type:
Engine Size: 2968 ccm (180,20 cubic inches)
Car Engine Type: V6
Valves Per Cylinder: 4
Maximum Power
215.00 PS (157,21 kW or 210,94 HP) at 6000 Rev. per min.
Maximum Torque: 267.13 Nm (27,06 kgf-m or 196,02 ft.lbs) at 5000 Rev. per min.
Cylinder Size (Bore Stroke):
Compression:
Top Speed:
Fuel Type:
Car Transmission: Auto, 6-speed
Car Power – Weight Ratio: 0.1822 PS/kg
Zero to Sixty MPH:
Car Drive: Front
Number of Seats: 5
Passenger Space: 2714,41 litres (714,41 gallons)
Car Doors: 4
Country:
Front Tire:
Rear Tires:
Chasis: Sedan/saloon
C02 Emissions: 119.0 g/km
Turn Circle: 13 m (497,50 inches)
Car Weight: 1180 kg (2588,49 pounds)
Towing Weight: 800 kg (1754,88 pounds)
Length: 4750 mm (186,07 inches)
Width: 1790 mm (70,15 inches)
Total Height: 1450 mm (56,81 inches)
Max Weight With Load: 1532 kg (3360,61 pounds)
Ground Clearance: 140 mm (5,47 inches)
Wheel Base: 2680 mm (104,97 inches)
Coolant:
Front Break Type: Disks
Rear Breaks Type: Disks
Cargo Space: 425 litres (111,44 gallons)
Lubrication: Wet sump
Leg Room: 1080 mm (42,29 inches)
Aerodynamics: 0.3
Hwy Fuel Efficiency: 9.4 litres/100 km (24,88 miles per gallon)
Street/Hwy Fuel: 11.8 litres/100 km (19,90 miles per gallon)
City Fuel: 13.1 litres/100 km (17,91 miles per gallon)
Fuel Tank Capacity: 68.0 litres (17,88 gallons)

Charles Verhoeff

Mazda MPV LX 2005 – Specs, Parts and More.

Charles — Sat, 14 Jul 2012 19:46:03 +0000

All you need to know about the Mazda MPV LX 2005 Parts – including Engine Size, MPG, Top Speed, Width, Height, Torque, Transmission Info and more.

Mazda MPV LX 2005 – Specs, Parts and More.

Make: Mazda
Model: MPV LX
Year: 2005

Type of Car: Van / Minivan
Engine Type: Front
Engine Size: 2966 ccm (180,09 cubic inches)
Car Engine Type: V6
Valves Per Cylinder: 4
Maximum Power
203.00 PS (148,26 kW or 199,00 HP) at 4000 Rev. per min.
Maximum Torque: 271.20 Nm (27,56 kgf-m or 199,00 ft.lbs)
Cylinder Size (Bore Stroke): 89.0 x 80.0 mm (3,48 x 3.1 inches)
Compression: 10.0:1
Top Speed:
Fuel Type:
Car Transmission:
Car Power – Weight Ratio: 0.1186 PS/kg
Zero to Sixty MPH:
Car Drive:
Number of Seats: 7
Passenger Space: 4350 litres (1143,26 gallons)
Car Doors: 4
Country: Japan
Front Tire: 6.15×13
Rear Tires: 195/65-R15
Chasis:
C02 Emissions:
Turn Circle: 12 m (481,88 inches)
Car Weight: 1711 kg (3753,24 pounds)
Towing Weight: 1361 kg (2985,50 pounds)
Length: 4820 mm (188,85 inches)
Width: 1840 mm (72,04 inches)
Total Height: 1750 mm (68,56 inches)
Max Weight With Load:
Ground Clearance: 140 mm (5,47 inches)
Wheel Base: 2850 mm (111,64 inches)
Coolant:
Front Break Type:
Rear Breaks Type:
Cargo Space: 487 litres (128,36 gallons)
Lubrication:
Leg Room: 1040 mm (40,70 inches)
Aerodynamics:
Hwy Fuel Efficiency: 9.4 litres/100 km (24,88 miles per gallon)
Street/Hwy Fuel: 11.2 litres/100 km (20,90 miles per gallon)
City Fuel: 13.1 litres/100 km (17,91 miles per gallon)
Fuel Tank Capacity: 75.0 litres (19,71 gallons)

Charles Verhoeff

Mazda 626 1.8i 1992 – Parts, Details and More.

Charles — Sat, 14 Jul 2012 19:46:03 +0000

Everything you should know about theMazda 626 1.8i 1992 Parts – including Engine Size, MPG, Top Speed, Width, Height, Torque, Transmission Info and more.

Mazda 626 1.8i 1992 – Parts, Details and More.

Make: Mazda
Model: 626 1.8i
Year: 1992
Type of Car: Family cars
Engine Type: Front
Engine Size: 1840 ccm (111,72 cubic inches)
Car Engine Type: Inline, 4 cyl
Valves Per Cylinder:
Maximum Power
106.50 PS (77,61 kW or 104,48 HP)
Maximum Torque: 157.00 Nm (15,92 kgf-m or 115,22 ft.lbs)
Cylinder Size (Bore Stroke):
Compression:
Top Speed: 185.0 km/h (114,43 mph)
Fuel Type:
Car Transmission: Manual, 5-speed
Car Power – Weight Ratio: 0.0930 PS/kg
Zero to Sixty MPH:
Car Drive: Front
Number of Seats: 5
Passenger Space: 2270 litres (597,00 gallons)
Car Doors: 4
Country: Japan
Front Tire: 6.45×14
Rear Tires:
Chasis: Sedan/saloon
C02 Emissions:
Turn Circle:
Car Weight: 1145 kg (2511,68 pounds)
Towing Weight:
Length: 4690 mm (183,68 inches)
Width: 1760 mm (68,95 inches)
Total Height: 1430 mm (56,02 inches)
Max Weight With Load:
Ground Clearance:
Wheel Base: 2620 mm (102,58 inches)
Coolant: Liquid
Front Break Type: Ventilated disks
Rear Breaks Type: Drums
Cargo Space:
Lubrication:
Leg Room:
Aerodynamics:
Hwy Fuel Efficiency:
Street/Hwy Fuel:
City Fuel:
Fuel Tank Capacity:

Charles Verhoeff

Mazda Tribute 2.0 2002 – Specs, Parts and More.

Charles — Sat, 14 Jul 2012 19:46:03 +0000

Everything you should know about theMazda Tribute 2.0 2002 Parts – including Engine Size, MPG, Top Speed, Width, Height, Torque, Transmission Info and more.

Mazda Tribute 2.0 2002 – Specs, Parts and More.

Make: Mazda
Model: Tribute 2.0
Year: 2002

Type of Car: SUV
Engine Type: Front
Engine Size: 1998 ccm (121,31 cubic inches)
Car Engine Type: Inline, 4 cyl
Valves Per Cylinder: 4
Maximum Power
131.5 PS (96,52 kW or 129,35 HP) at 5500 Rev. per min.
Maximum Torque: 181.00 Nm (18,41 kgf-m or 132,83 ft.lbs) at 4500 Rev. per min.
Cylinder Size (Bore Stroke): 84.8 x 88.0 mm (3,28 x 3.5 inches)
Compression: 10.0:1
Top Speed:
Fuel Type: Gasoline
Car Transmission: Manual, 5-speed
Car Power – Weight Ratio: 0.0925 PS/kg
Zero to Sixty MPH:
Car Drive: 4WD
Number of Seats: 5
Passenger Space: 4680 litres (1229,82 gallons)
Car Doors: 5
Country: Japan
Front Tire: 215/70-R16
Rear Tires: 215/70-R16
Chasis:
C02 Emissions:
Turn Circle:
Car Weight: 1425 kg (3125,89 pounds)
Towing Weight:
Length: 4400 mm (172,33 inches)
Width: 1810 mm (70,94 inches)
Total Height: 1720 mm (67,36 inches)
Max Weight With Load:
Ground Clearance: 210 mm (8,26 inches)
Wheel Base: 2630 mm (102,98 inches)
Coolant:
Front Break Type: Disks
Rear Breaks Type: Drums
Cargo Space:
Lubrication: Wet sump
Leg Room:
Aerodynamics: 0.4
Hwy Fuel Efficiency:
Street/Hwy Fuel:
City Fuel:
Fuel Tank Capacity: 50.0 litres (13,14 gallons)

Charles Verhoeff